Tuesday, 11 January 2022

150. Losar Baoli at Wah & a baoli at Hattian (District Attock)

The Grand Trunk Road is one of the most important highways in South Asia. It stretched from Bengal in the east to Kabul in the west, a distance of almost 2,400 kilometers. Its history is as long as its length, going back to the times of Chandragupta Maurya, who first built it along an ancient route. It was known by different names at different times, such as Uttarapath, Sarak-e-Azam, Badshahi Sarak, etc. Subsequently, many rulers reconstructed and developed it, including Sher Shah Suri, the Mughals, and finally the British Raj.

Sher Shah Suri is especially credited with building sarais, baolis, and planting trees along the road, as well as providing security to travellers. The Mughal emperors, too, developed it extensively and constructed sarais, bridges, gardens, kos minars (huge milestones), etc. The administration of the East India Company started its reconstruction in the 1830s. These baolis, in particular, were a great convenience to slow-moving caravans and travellers, as they provided a ready source of water.

Baolis are stepwells, where a person—or even an animal—can easily reach the water level through steps. Thus, a large quantity of water can be drawn more easily and quickly. Baolis are a special feature of Indian civilization and probably exist only in South Asia. In India, there are hundreds of baolis, many of them marvels of architectural engineering. In Pakistan, only about a dozen such baolis exist. The largest of them is probably the one inside Rohtas Fort. In this article, I shall take you on a visit to two baolis along the GT Road section, from Rawalpindi to Attock.

The first point of our interest is the Loaser Baoli inside Wah Cantt. at 33°46'03.8"N, 72°45'47.6"E. This baoli is a good example of Mughal architecture, built in the 17th century for the convenience of travellers. It is located inside Sher Shah Park. At the time of my visit on 15 Dec 2021, repair work was underway and the baoli was not fully open to visitors. However, its beautiful setting inside a garden, perhaps as old as the baoli itself, enhanced the charm of the small structure. 

Entrance to the baoli. (15.12.2021.)

Another beautiful view of the baoli(15.12.2021.)

The staircase leads to the surface of the water. (15.12.2021.)

The right side of the baoli. (15.12.2021.)

Sher Shah Park, the location of the baoli. (15.12.2021.)

Tariq Amir (15.12.2021.)

The left side of the baoli. (15.12.2021.)

لوسر باؤلی

لوسر باولی شاہراہ اعظم کے کنارے پر واقع ہے، جس کو شیر شاہ سوری نے سترھویں صدی عیسوی میں ان قافلوں کو سہولیات بہم پہنچانے کے لیئے تعمیر کروایا جو ٹیکسلا کے راستے کابل جاتے تھے، لوسر باؤلی پختہ  اینٹوں  سے  بنائی  گئی  ہے  اور  تقریبا  100  فٹ  گہری  ہے۔  پانی  تک  رسائی  کے  لیئے  سیڑھیاں  بنائی  گئ  ہیں۔  دروازے  کے  دونوں  اطراف  چھوٹے  چھوٹے  کمرے  بنے  ہوئے  ہیں،  جس  سے  سیڑھیاں  چھت  کو  جاتی  ہیں۔  دروازے کے  پچھلی  طرف  دو  پختہ  اینٹوں  کے  چبوترے  بنے  ہوئے  ہیں۔  جن  پر  مسافر  آرام  کرتے  ہیں۔  اس  کے  ساتھ  ہی  جانوروں  کے  پانی  دینےکے  لیئے  ایک  چھوٹا  سا  حوض  بنا  ہوا  ہے۔  یہ  لوسر  باؤلی  ‏‏مغلیہ  فنِ  تعمیر  کا  ایک  شاہکار  ہے۔ 

 (محکمہ  آثار  قدیمہ  ٹیکسلا،  حکومت  پنجاب) 

Losar Baoli

Losar Baoli is located beside the Great Road, which was built by Sher Shah Suri during the 17th century AD, to facilitate those caravans that travelled to Kabul via Taxila. It is built with baked bricks and is about 100 feet in depth. A staircase has been constructed to reach the water. There are small rooms on both sides of the gate, staicases from them lead to the roof. There are two platforms, made of baked bricks, behind the gate, where the travellers took some rest. A pool is made nearby to water the animals. This baoli is a masterpiece of the Mughal Architecture. 

                                        (Department of Archaeology Taxila, Government of Punjab) 

                                           A view from across the road. (15.12.2021.)

Only half a kilometer from the baoli is located the central mosque of Wah Cantt. It was constructed in the 1960s. This grand mosque can be easily counted among the most beautiful mosques of Pakistan. It is constructed in the Mughal style, and its beauty captivates passersby.

The central mosque of Wah Cantt. (15.12.2021.)

Another beautiful view of the mosque. 

If we travel 25 kilometers towards Attock, we reach a town called Hattian. In this town, another small baoli exists, at 33°51'39.0"N, 72°26'58.8"E. After crossing the canal, 1.7 km onwards, ask someone about the darbar of Hazrat Sakhi Shah Habib. The baoli exists at the premises of the shrine. It is an interesting place for history and architecture fans. This baoli, though comparatively small, has its own significance. It is perhaps one of the few baolis that are still functioning and people draw water from them. 

Structure of the baoli. (15.12.2021.)

Passage to the water level. (15.12.2021.)

The well is covered to keep the water clean. (15.12.2021.)

These baolis have lost much of their importance and most of them have simply disappeared. But these are historically important structures and tell us about life centuries ago and the way people travelled in the past. Both are easily accessible, spare some time to appreciate a piece of old times. 


Tariq Amir

January 11, 2022.
Islamabad.

For related posts, visit:

1 comment: