As I mentioned earlier in my post on Captain Raja Sarwar Shaheed, NH, the old Rawalpindi Division is home to five of the ten recipients of the Nishan-e-Haider. Even before the creation of Pakistan, this region was an important source of recruitment for the British Indian Army. Hundreds of thousands of men from this area participated in the two World Wars and fought bravely. One of them was Shahamad Khan, from Takhti, a small hamlet in the District of Rawalpindi.
On 14 December, after visiting the monument of Captain Sarwar Shaheed NH and the grave of Sowar Muhammad Hussain Shaheed NH, we reached Takhti in the late afternoon. My friend Muhammad Munir was with me during this expedition. He was constantly amazed at how I had located this remote place associated with Shahamad Khan, an almost unknown figure in our beloved country.
It was late in the evening and the winter sun was setting fast. We hurriedly took some pictures and offered Fateha. It is a very small village, and we saw only a few children playing around the small cemetery. Two women could be seen engaged in evening chores at a nearby home. People in such small villages still take their dinner at sunset or soon after.
We were about to leave when a man arrived on a motorcycle, riding behind a young man. He introduced himself to us, and I was happily surprised to learn that he was a grandson of Shahamad Khan. His name is Raja Muhammad Riaz, son of Raja Muhammad Akram, son of Shahamad Khan. We had a brief chat with him, and he told us that this new monument had been erected less than a year ago, close to the centennial celebration of Shahamad’s Victoria Cross, by the Punjab Regiment. He did not know who currently possessed the Victoria Cross. He mentioned that his brother, who lives in Rawalpindi, has some papers related to Shahamad Khan. The medal is now probably a part of Lord Ashcroft’s collection.
The grave of Shahamad Khan is located in Takhti (Takti Rajgan on Google Earth) at 33°21'32.19"N, 73°4'12.57"E, about 52 kilometers from the Zero Point of Islamabad, on the Rawat–Chakbeli Khan Road. A small road leads to Takhti, which is 4 kilometers off the main road. There is a stream near Takhti with no bridge over it, but it is passable in good weather. The grave of Shahamad Khan is just 500 meters across this stream.
Naik (Later Subedar) Shahamad Khan
(1 July, 1879 - 28 July, 1947)
Naik Shahamad Khan (89 Punjabis - Now the 1st Battlation The Baloch Regiment) was commanding a machine gun section within 150 meters of enemy lines in Mesopotamia on 12 April, 1916 during WWI. While fierce enemy attacks managed to penetrate remaining positions of his platoon, Naik Shahamad Khan held on to his position for three hours, beating back three consecutive enemy attacks. He worked his machine gun single handedly when all his men had become casualties and and continued fighting with personal weapon, once his machine gun was knocked out. His absolute determination and courage provided ample time to his comrades for organizing defence in the rear.
After receiving orders for withdrawal, he successfully brought back his knocked out gun, ammunition and one severely wounded comrade. For this most conspicuous act of gallantry, Naik Shahamad Khan was awarded Great Britain's highest military award "Victoria Cross" and Russia's highest military award "Order of the St. George."
میسوپوٹیمیا کے محاذ پرنائک شہامد خان پہلی جنگ عظیم کے دوران 12 اپریل 1916، کو ایک مشین گن سیکشن کے کمانڈر تھے، جو کہ دشمن سے محض 150 میٹر کے فاصلے پر لگی ہوئی تھی۔ اس پوزیشن کو کلیئر کرنے کے لیئے دشمن تابڑ توڑ حملے کر رہا تھا۔ انہوں نے اپنی مشین گن سے دشمن کے تین جوابی حملوں کو پسپا کیا۔، جبکہ ان کی سیکشن کے تمام افراد زخمی ہو چکے تھے اورلگاتار تین گھنٹوں تک دشمن کے حملوں کا ڈٹ کر مقابلہ کرتے رہے۔ اسی اثناء میں ان کی مشین گن دشمن کے فائر کی وجہ سے ناکارہ ہوگئی ۔ مگر انہوں نے ہمت نہ ہاری بلکہ اپنے ذاتی ہتھیار سے دشمن کا مقابلہ کرتے رہے اور باقی سپاہ کو عقب میں دفاعی لائن کو مضبوط کرنے کا موقعہ فراہم کردیا۔
واپسی کا حکم ملنے پر وہ اپنی مشین گن، ایمونیشن اور اپنے ایک زخمی ساتھی کو محفوظ مقام پر منتقل کرنے میں کامیاب ہوئے۔ جرات اور بہادری لے اس عظیم کارنامے پر انہیں برطانیہ کے عظیم ترین فوجی اعزاز"وکٹویہ کراس" اور روس کے سب سے بڑے فوجی اعزاز"آرڈر آف سینٹ جارج" سے نوازا گیا۔
I found a video and some more details about his acts of bravery. I have given the links below:
https://youtu.be/D9ooz5HafVc
http://www.lordashcroftmedals.com/collection/shahamad-khan-vc/
Place/date of birth: Takhti near Rawalpindi, India (now Pakistan)/July 1, 1879
Rank when awarded VC (and later highest rank): Naik (later Jemadar)
Date of bravery: April 12/13, 1916
London Gazette citation:
No. 1605 Naik Shahamad Khan, Punjabis.
For most conspicuous bravery. He was in charge of a machine gun section in an exposed position, in front of and covering a gap in our new line, within 150 yards of the enemy’s entrenched position. He beat off three counter attacks and worked his gun single-handed after all his men, except two belt-fillers, had become casualties. For three hours he held the gap under very heavy fire while it was being made secure. When his gun was knocked out by hostile fire he and his two belt-fillers held their ground with rifles till ordered to withdraw.With three men sent to assist him he then brought back his gun, ammunition, and one severely wounded man unable to walk. Finally, he himself returned and removed all remaining arms and equipment except two shovels.But for his great gallantry and determination our line must have been penetrated by the enemy.Click here to see full Gazette entry.Other decorations: N/A
Place/date of death: Takhti, near Rawalpindi, Pakistan/July 28, 1947
Grave/memorials: Takhti Cemetery, near Ralwapindi, Pakistan
Origin of VC to the Lord Ashcroft collection: Purchased privately, 1999
Current location of VC: Displayed on rotation at The Lord Ashcroft Gallery: Extraordinary Heroes exhibition, Imperial War Museum
http://lib.militaryarchive.co.uk/library/Biographical/library/The-VC-and-DSO-Volume-I/files/assets/basic-html/page231.html
SHAHAMAD KHAN, Naik, served in the European War, in Mesopotamia and was awarded the Victoria Cross [London Gazette, 26 Sept. 1916]: "Shahamad Khan Naik, No. 1605, 89th Punjabis." (See Appendix.) He was born about' 1879, at the village of Takti, near Rawalpindi, son of Fayal Khan. He joined the Army 1 Dec. 1904, serving in the European War at Shaik Sa'id, Arabia, in Nov. 1914; in Egypt, the Dardanelles, France, Mesopotamia, the Mohmand Blockade, Salonika and the Caucasus. Shahamad Khan has now been promoted to Jemadar (Jan. 1920). London Gazette, 26 Oct. 1916.-" The King has been graciously pleased to award the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officers, Non-commissioned Officers and Men."
I shall wait for your comments and will welcome any contribution on this topic. I still cannot find the battle and its location where this incident happened on 12 April, 1916. At that time, a division of the British Indian Army was under siege at Kut Al Amara, Iraq, which surrendered on 29 April, 1916, and all the personnel were taken prisoner. But Raja Riaz told my friend Munir that his grandfather was not taken prisoner. So, perhaps he, along with his unit, was deployed somewhere else.
The second question is more intriguing: What is he to us today, a hero or just a mercenary? After all, on 12 April, 1916, when he was manning his machine gun, Muslim soldiers of the Ottoman Empire were on the receiving end. What was he thinking while fighting his own fellow Muslims? It is well known that Muslim soldiers had a very uneasy conscience due to this fact.
A man is a product of his time, and so were they. We cannot judge them a century later, living under altogether different circumstances. They made their choices and fulfilled their commitments. Shahamad Khan, too was such a person who enlisted in the army for his own reasons, and when the time came, he did not waver. That is the most important thing. Now that generation has passed away. May their souls rest in eternal peace.
Update: (24.08.2025.)
I visited this place on 14 December 2017. Later, while searching for WWI monuments in Pakistan, I discovered that a monument also exists in Takhti Rajgan, of which I was unaware at that time. Since then, it had been on my mind to visit this place again, and the opportunity came on 7 August 2025. During my previous visit, I met Raja Muhammad Riaz, a descendant of Shahamad Khan. This time, I had the chance to meet his son, Usama Riaz, a young and energetic man. He warmly received us, and I enjoyed a pleasant chat with him, along with his kind hospitality.
Tariq Amir
069. Subedar Khudadad Khan, the First Recipient Of Victoria Cross In India
No comments:
Post a Comment